Dreadful injuries
Severe pathological conditions believed to be caused by vaccines (e.g., autism and infertility)
Safety concern
Fear is induced by portraying vaccines as a general safety concern (e.g., hot lots)
Side effects
Fear to side effects that are known to be caused by vaccines (e.g., fever, sore arm and fatigue)
Bad parenting
Those who rely on vaccination for their child’s health demonstrate poor values
Anti-utilitarianism
It is not morally right to sacrifice individuals for the sake of many
Health is not business
Pharmaceutical profits are immoral
Sexual promiscuity
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine would be a license for sexual activity at a young age
Anti-abortion position
Moral outrage at the use of cells or tissues from aborted foetuses to produce vaccines
Unethical experimentation
Non-consensual experimentation, child experimentation or animal mistreatment
Religious exemptions
Not allowing religious exemptions to vaccines is perceived as discriminatory