| Conspiracist ideation | Big Pharma | Pharmaceutical companies conspiring to profit over people or test new drugs. |
| Conspiracist ideation | Przykrywka rządu | Health authorities and companies conspiring to withhold important information from the public. |
| Conspiracist ideation | Kontrola populacji | Vaccines are a way to sterilize, depopulate or track the existing population. |
| Conspiracist ideation | Targetowanie grup marginalizowanych | Szczepionki mają na celu wyrządzanie szkód grupom znajdującym się w niekorzystnej sytuacji lub biednym krajom. |
| Conspiracist ideation | Made-up threat | Vaccine-preventable diseases are exaggerated or do not exist. |
| Distorted risk perception | Szczepienia są zbędne | General arguments portraying vaccination as unnecessary, redundant or unimportant. |
| Distorted risk perception | Choroba nie jest poważna | Diseases are perceived as mild or even positive for child development and the immune system. |
| Distorted risk perception | Theme: Misperception Of Risk | Dismissal of the risk of getting the disease, considering its incidence to be irrelevant. |
| Distorted risk perception | Analiza kosztów i korzyści | Vaccinations are perceived as being riskier than the diseases themselves. |
| Distorted risk perception | Szczepienia nie są dla mnie | Lifestyle, religion, good health or natural immunity would be enough to avoid disease. |
| Brak zaufania | Zaniedbania ochrony zdrowia | Health authorities are incompetent or uncompassionate. |
| Brak zaufania | Niegodne zaufania dane | Vaccinations are experimental and based on incomplete or biased data. |
| Brak zaufania | To tylko teoria | Scientific studies on vaccines are based on controversial theories. |
| Brak zaufania | Wyolbrzymione zagrożenie | Medical authorities are overreacting and overusing vaccines. |
| Brak zaufania | Interes finansowy | Information from companies about vaccines is motivated by financial interests. |
| Brak zaufania | Korupcja systemowa | Healthcare authorities are corrupt and have conflicts of interest. |
| Brak zaufania | Brak odpowiedzialności prawnej | Pharmaceutical companies are not liable for vaccine damage. |
| Brak zaufania | Grupy marginalizowane | Powerful groups oppress the disadvantaged by imposing vaccination. |
| Brak zaufania | Zrób swój własny research | Only one's personal research is to be trusted; listening to experts is for lazy people. |
| Epistemic relativism | Prawda to kwestia względna | Rejection of scientific epistemology and objectivity, claiming that knowledge is relative. |
| Epistemic relativism | Dowody anegdotyczne | Overreliance on testimonies and personal experiences that contradict scientific research. |
| Epistemic relativism | Przewaga epistemiczna | Alternative perspectives on health as more comprehensive and informed than science. |
| Epistemic relativism | Indywidualizm epistemiczny | People are experts on their bodies and children (e.g., mother knows best, intuition and instinct). |
| Epistemic relativism | Wszystko albo nic | Impossible expectations: We should not accept anything that is less than 100% effective. |
| Fear and phobias | Skutki uboczne | Fear to side effects that are known to be caused by vaccines (e.g., fever, sore arm and fatigue). |
| Fear and phobias | Obawy związane z bezpieczeństwem | Fear is induced by portraying vaccines as a general safety concern (e.g., hot lots). |
| Fear and phobias | Okropne obrażenia | Severe pathological conditions believed to be caused by vaccines (e.g., autism and infertility). |
| Fear and phobias | Toksyczne zagrożenie | Vaccines contaminate the human body with toxins, heavy metals and viruses, or alter DNA. |
| Fear and phobias | Przeciwwskazania | Rejection due to pre-existing conditions (e.g., allergies, pregnancy and young age). |
| Fear and phobias | Upośledzanie odporności | Fear that one's immune system will be compromised or overwhelmed by vaccination. |
| Fear and phobias | Trypanofobia | Arguments reflecting extreme fear of injections or hypodermic needles. |
| Moral concerns | Nieetyczne eksperymenty | Non-consensual experimentation, child experimentation or animal mistreatment. |
| Moral concerns | Motyw: Sprzeciwianie się aborcji | Moral outrage at the use of cells or tissues from aborted foetuses to produce vaccines. |
| Moral concerns | Rozwiązłość seksualna | Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine would be a license for sexual activity at a young age. |
| Moral concerns | Zdrowie to nie biznes | Pharmaceutical profits are immoral. |
| Moral concerns | Antyutylitaryzm | It is not morally right to sacrifice individuals for the sake of many. |
| Moral concerns | Bycie złym rodzicem | Those who rely on vaccination for their child's health demonstrate poor values. |
| Reaktancja | Sprzeciwianie się przymusowi | Public health campaigns punishing and harassing people into getting a vaccine. |
| Reaktancja | Wolność jednostki | Vaccine rejection being represented as a free, autonomous or empowered personal choice. |
| Reaktancja | Obrona swobód obywatelskich | Vaccination is perceived as an authoritarian or totalitarian violation of civil liberties. |
| Reaktancja | Płynięcie pod prąd | The vaccinated are ignorant, uncritical or eager to be shepherded by a paternalistic state. |
| Religious concerns | Nieczystość | Vaccines contain materials that are prohibited (e.g., porcine products and fetal cells). |
| Religious concerns | Odniesienia do naturalnego porządku | Vaccines interfere with the natural order of things or are against God's will. |
| Religious concerns | Autorytet religijny | Religious passages or leaders prohibiting vaccination. |
| Religious concerns | The work of god | Vaccinations defile or adulterate the human body, which was created in God’s image. |
| Religious concerns | Wyjątki z uwagi na wyznanie | Not allowing religious exemptions to vaccines is perceived as discriminatory. |
| Perceived self-interest | Efekt gapowicza | Preference for taking advantage of herd immunity rather than taking the vaccine. |
| Perceived self-interest | Luksus | Other people should take the measures that I can afford (e.g., quarantine and social distance). |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Medycyna alternatywna | Traditional and natural remedies have a similar record of healing and no side effects. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | To, co naturalne, jest najlepsze | Natural and holistic approaches, mainly those based on body’s natural immunity, are better. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Nadmierna medykalizacja | Vaccines overload the immune system. People are getting too many vaccines too soon. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Alternatywy dla szczepionek | Good lifestyles, hygiene and personal responsibility are preferable to vaccines. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Zaprzeczenie nauce | Lack of consensus on the benefits and theories of vaccination. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Absurdalne związki przyczynowo-skutkowe | Implausible side effects and contaminants (e.g., autism or active viruses). |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Osoby zaszczepione stanowią zagrożenie | Vaccinated people are less healthy, spread diseases or do not take precautions. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Błędna logika | Reversed burden of proof and misuse of statistics for causal inferences. |
| Unwarranted beliefs | Choroba sama zniknie | The disease will disappear on its own, following a natural cycle. |
| Worldview and politics | Populizm dotyczący nauki | Science and scientists as belonging to a malign elite group opposed to ordinary people. |
| Worldview and politics | Libertarianizm | Vindication of civil liberties against medical authoritarianism and overreaching states. |
| Worldview and politics | Politicization of vaccines | The science and actions behind vaccinations is shaped by political and economic agendas. |
| Worldview and politics | Tradycjonalizm | Adhering to one's own cultural tradition is deemed more important than vaccination. |
| Worldview and politics | Przykłady wyjaśniające populizm medyczny. | Concerns raised by groups practicing a lifestyle that avoids modern technology. |
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